 April 19 provided the seed revolutionary After a war of succession, the dynasty of the Bourbons made a series of changes in their political, economic and administrative, whose tendency was to reap greater benefits from Quito and New Spain (Mexico), in 1765, that of Peru led by Tupac Amaru, in 1780, the New Granada, led by the Communards of Socorro, and many others throughout English America. In social media also caused dissatisfaction as to give the possibility of having brown-white status through the Certificate of Dispensation, which gave the members of this class the possibility of assuming public office of some importance, hitherto reserved for the white aristocrats. Napoleon SPAIN The English monarchy in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had suffered a major decline due to the inability of King Charles IV to perform his duties as such, leaving driving under the influence of Manuel Godoy, lover of his wife, their kingdoms overseas through taxation. This new dynasty was of French origin, so that Spain was involved in a war against Britain, in fulfillment of a family covenant which required many financial resources and earned a momentary loss Cuba and the Philippines. reforms imposed by the king Felipe V, Fernando VI and Carlos III reduced the level of influence achieved by the descendants of the conquistadors in the Americas, since, from these reforms, all managerial and administrative positions were reserved to English mainland appointed by the crown, trade was united in favor of Spain, fighting all kinds of contraband, and increased exploitation of raw materials, prohibited in many cases, the transformation of the same in these territories. These actions, together with the imposition of taxes and increased indigenous the rates of customs, created a backlash for the crown, which resulted in riots as Queen Maria Luisa. Catholic Puritanism of the time and the desperation that has led to complacency and privileges to which access was Manuel Godoy, created discontent in Spain and people overseas, which weakened his influence as a nation in Europe. Napoleon Bonaparte, who sought to increase the territories for his country, saw an opportunity in these conflicts and intervene in that country said to "renew and enhance" their institutions "were to perish," according to the proclamation sent the English in 1808. Napoleon invaded the Iberian peninsula, their leaders imprisoned and once you create a grassroots movement to get rid of the invaders. Are created together to meet the government overthrown and was born in Aranjuez Supreme Central and Governing Board of the Kingdom, as a way of solidifying a system that would act as the King as the country was occupied. The American reaction was almost immediate. In July 1808 in Caracas had two representatives from the French government in Spain with the intention to swear allegiance to King Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon imposed. A revolt, led by notorious aristocrats, and the refusal to recognize by the captain-general and other authorities, was the response obtained by these envoys, so they were forced to sail back almost immediately. In Quito, a year later, the most exalted kind of aristocracy in Quito, decided to create a Board of Governors in this city, but the movement was suppressed by English authorities of government in the viceroyalty. Miranda's ideas were also present at the time in the correspondence he had with some mantuanos Caracas. The precursor proposed creating a board, similar to those of Spain, to overthrow the authorities and guide the steps toward national independence.  INDEPENDENCE VS FERNANDO VII In America the criteria were divided. A large sector struggling to monitor the monarchy, the figure of Fernando VII, while another sector, imbued with republican ideas, betting on the ultimate independence as the best option. these conditions appear in the April 19, 1810. In January of that year the Supreme Junta Central dissolves before the onslaught of the French armies. It then creates the Supreme Council of Regency of the Kingdom, whose legality is questioned by the nations of America, because they were not formed by delegates chosen in previous meetings or knew the character this policy the Supreme Council of Regency. This was picked up by the Venezuelans, who pretended to yield to the monarchy and exploit their followers, a year later, to proclaim the full independence of Spain is a sovereign nation and free. news came by sea ... The uncertainty experienced by men and women who sought independence seemed endless. The Governor and Captain-General Vicente Emparan, assured the public that there were side stories from the Iberian peninsula and that everything should be fine for those places. But April came with omens to that Caracas, 1810. First were the young soldiers who wanted to seize power and then the boats docked at ports of Venezuela, from the Caribbean islands. These boats ensured that Spain was lost, only Cadiz and the Isle of Leon stayed in the hands of Fernando VII, so that the government of the Supreme Council and Governing Central Kingdom no longer existed. From Puerto Cabello, the commander of the place sends a mail to Emparan where he says that information from the crew of a British boat, called "Venus", the London Ministerial Gazette claimed that the King's armies had destroyed the invading troops. On 18 Emparan himself received official news from Spain, via e del Rey, in the schooner "Carmen", which announced the dissolution of the Supreme Council and the establishment of a Council of Regency. day before Puerto Cabello had reached the brig "Palomo", whose captain was forced to leave Cádiz without charge or registration because the French had seized all Andalusia, except for Cadiz and the Isle of Leon. Los Caracas, hearing the same day 18 of these events, decided to meet secretly with the intention of finding how to overthrow the English government and begin the process of independence.  THE SUNSET When fob watches were scored the first seven hours of that morning, and all of that council members were present. Jose, the Flames took in his gloved hand bell and chime sounded shortly. Rising from his seat he saw the faces of his colleagues and felt haggard, poor sleep, but with much excitement and nervousness. "Gentlemen, he said, in light of recent events in Spain, where our beloved Ferdinand VII has been stripped of his throne and the emperor's occupation of the French has dissolved the board that made up for his absence, we decided to call this special council to decide what to do in this situation of orphans in which we find ourselves. " As flames continued with his presentation, Dionisio Palacios looked to the side as if looking for someone to whisper in his ear. Silvestre Tovar Liendo stroked the edge of his jacket and Nicolas Anzola sank his thumb into the small pocket of his waistcoat. After saying that the latest arrivals at La Guaira forced to make important decisions for the benefit of people overseas, Valentine asked Ribas and Rafael Gonzalez for his residence to seek captain general and president of the council, Don Vicente Emparan and Orbe. Leaving delegates ordered a recess that was used by the participants to meet informally and discuss the situation. Clemente Lino José María Blanco commented to his interest to be declared once and for all independence, but he was told that within that council had many supporters of Ferdinand VII and therefore had to act with caution, as we had agreed in the morning at the home of Dr. Jose Angel Alamo. The conversation stopped when people outside heard the commanding voice of the lieutenant who directed the military honors the governor. Seconds later echoed heels of boots on the steps and there was a great silence as the figure of Emparan was placed under the door frame to look closely at each of those present. Flames Joseph vacated the seat he occupied and placed in the chair on the right. The governor greeted with a shake of his head, like a bow and sat down on the job vacated by flames. He took the bell, moved firmly and stood up to ask them to explain the reason for this extraordinary chapter to which he had been invited at the last minute. Martin Tovar Ponte, who was placed on his left, rose a gesture of moderation and, placing his fist in his mouth, coughed voluntarily, as if trying to clear his throat. "With due respect, Your Excellency, let me inform you that this special council convened by the vice president of this council, Don Jose, the Flames, corresponds to the need to establish a position on the situation in the motherland and our beloved Fernando VII, the latest information obtained from the post office, which claims that the board of Cadiz has dissolved and formed another, named with the title of Regent, we do not know what and why they formed this form of government and why we were not invited, when all is said we are all part of the Kingdom. " Emparan Tovar listened carefully to the audience watching. Seemed to keep a straight face and let him speak until the end without interruption. He took out his handkerchief to play with him starched his forehead and cheeks before starting his speech. "Gentlemen, pronounced emphatically. I know the news that alarmed you so much. The Regency has replaced the board of Cadiz and still is a representation of our beloved Don Ferdinand VII. I do not know the specifics of this new form has been created with the name of Regency, but I assure you that under no circumstances result in changes or illness to peace are living in the overseas realms. I have knowledge that come within hours of the Regency emissaries and they can explain in detail what happens in Spain. " Explained in detail the information received from the mainland and said that if someone wanted to read it could order the transfer to the view of those present. All were silent in the face and voice of Vicente Emparan. For several minutes he argued the need to remain calm and to continue under this government. He then apologized for the need to attend religious services at the cathedral and stood from his seat without allowing time for further action. The council members did much noise when they came down the wooden stairs to leave the room and will fly through the center of the plaza to the cathedral. Emparan the front, accompanied by Joseph of calls and Martin Tovar Ponte. Behind them the other council members. From the corner of Main were leaving the number of young people last night and the morning they had used their time in planning the way they should form a new government, taking advantage of the large number of people who crowded into the Plaza Mayor Holy Thursday activities. Salias Francisco José Félix Ribas, Mariano and Tomas Montilla, José Angel Alamo, Francisco Salias, JJ Mujica, the priest José Félix Blanco, Juan Germain Roscio, José Félix Sosa and others of the conspirators mingled with people passing by from the corner to the Main Tower and into the square, awaiting the outcome of events. Seeing out the authorities as vigorously to the church, believed that his plan had not worked and decided to force Emparan and others to return to the council. Salias Francisco went ahead with determination, he took his arm and snapped: "A city council." The audience watched in horror as the scene where the disrespect of the highest authority. Dragons of the honor guard lifted their weapons to remedy this insult, but the captain Luis de Ponte shouted: "Firm" and the men put their guns with the barrels on their shoulders, obeying the order. If ordinary people are surprised at the boldness of Salias and other young people who surrounded the captain-general, he did not flinch because I had expected. Very early in the morning, a brown sergeant had been notified that something was planned against his government. For a long time to come see these events. Only nineteen days before, had been obliged to expel from the city many of its officers tried to arrest him to dismiss the government. was caught up in the street that opens at the corner of Main. This time the guard of honor not for the honors paid him and that caused a dire premonition. Now many of those who attended him were his friends, but I was sure that would accompany more and that would not be government. Itinerary of a plot Rafael Gonzalez and Valentin Ribas Emparan searched. The governor and his entourage visited the cathedral Francisco Salias forced to return to council Captain general Emparan Governor returned to relinquish power Cortés de Madariaga forced the resignation of captain general On the balcony ended the power of Spain in Venezuela THE TRAIL OF THE INVOLVED From day 17, when in Caracas learned of the loss of Seville in Spain, aspiring to freedom met secretly to develop a plan that would end to three hundred years of oppression English government. All 18 and the morning of 19 gathered at various locations to complete the plan of actions to execute. These were the highlights: council members involved in the captain-general lay out of the house measured José Angel Alamo, located in the current portal La Palma del Centro Simón Bolívar and come to the meeting council. Salen Valentín González y Rafael Ribas to seek the governor in his home, located in Madric Ibarra. Envoys Return to the governor at the corner of Sainte-Chapelle and enter the town hall. Occurs the first meeting between lobbyists and the governor Emparan. Emparan and council members come to the cathedral. Salias Francisco and several members of the village, the governor stopped at the entrance to the cathedral and force him to return to the council. pass down the street north of the Plaza Mayor, where the governor is not known by the guards who are stationed there. Entering back to the council and restart the discussion. Leave the balcony to see the people gathered on the floor of the building. Corner Home witnessed these events. PHOTO JESUS \u200b\u200bCASTILLO Portal On the corner of La Palma lived José Angel Alamo. PHOTO JESUS \u200b\u200bCASTILLO Captain Luis de Ponte demonstrated its value against the cathedral. J. PHOTO CASTILLO In the Northern area of \u200b\u200bthe square returned JESUS \u200b\u200bCASTILLO gobernante.FOTO Madric Ibarra De Vicente Emparan lived and Orbe. PHOTO JESUS \u200b\u200bCASTILLO The first autonomous government of Venezuela The April 19, 1810 marked the first autonomous government that gave the Venezuelans to depose representatives of Spain and establish a board that, in principle, called "Protection of the Rights of Fernando VII," was only a preamble served to mask the idea of \u200b\u200bfreedom that had been germinating in a young fighter and dreamer. Vicente Emparan depose and Orb was the first step. Your income back to the council, when he was ordered to return, by those involved in the plot to strip him of power was the key to such speakers as John Germain Roscio and José Cortés de Madariaga convince the members of this council to prevent continuation of the English government and the erection of a board representing all sectors of the population of Caracas. Accounts of eyewitnesses say the priest José Félix Blanco personally searched the priest Cortés de Madariaga, who at times held the town hall in the cathedral was listening to the confessions of the parishioners. Cortes de Madariaga faced head on the governor and captain-general, pointing a tyrant and usurper of power. convinced those present that the Board of Regency in Spain named after Andalusia making by Napoleon, had no validity, so that the rulers now in power in the overseas territories had no authority and therefore should be appointed a board to exclude them. Emparan had accepted a proposal submitted by John Germain Roscio, for the formation of a board chaired by him, since Hall was President. His arguments were refuted one by one by Cortés de Madariaga and finally, unable to get to impose their ideas, he turned to the balcony to ask those at the Plaza Mayor, should they wish to continue in command. The response was not immediate. Those present looked at each other with surprise and a sign of the father before Cortés de Madariaga, Madariaga, moving his right hand back and forth, began shouting that they wanted.  Immediately, the officers who supported the councilmen proceeded to prevent the departure of the rulers and forced to sign their resignations and the statements that should be directed to the various military leaders of the jurisdictions under their command, with In order to take all the military forces and prevent uprisings in favor of the displaced. John Germain Roscius, who had joined as deputy for the town, was in charge of drafting the report, noting full details of the meeting, the resignation of Emparan and his followers and the appointment of the new authorities. José calls, first mayor choice, and Martin Tovar Ponte, the mayor of second choice would be, from this point, the two presidents of the council; Feliciano Palacios Blanco, José Hilario Mora, Isidro Antonio Lopez Mendez, Rafael González, Valentín de Ribas, José María Blanco Dionisio Palacios, Juan Ascanio, Pablo Nicolás González, José Félix Sosa, José Cortés de Madariaga, Francisco José Ribas and Silvestre Tovar Liendo, were appointed members, while Nicolas Anzola was assigned the post of Secretary of Grace and Justice Lino Clement, the Secretary of War and Navy; Roscio John Germain, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. José Félix Ribas joined as a member representing the browns. Colonel Nicolas de Castro and captain Juan Pablo Ayala had since that day the military command. Many English remained in this new policy, resulting in a struggle between two factions, one that chose to go to King Ferdinand VII and the other was silent for full independence. Two days later, both as Basadre Emparan and José Vicente de Anca, with their families, were shipped to the United States, on a scale to Spain. After this April 19 comes a long history of performances by various countries, with the intention of legitimize the new authorities and an internal struggle to clarify the pathway by which definitely should guide the country. The party that day could not disappear so easily from the minds of those who came for the procession of the Passion and Death of Our Lord Jesus Christ. It was Holy Thursday and the sun washed out the colors and the splendor that pleases the eye. Black, baboons, white and Indian, that swarmed Square dressed in their finery. Leaving only the sick in homes and servitude required to meet the basic needs of families. Surname lofty together of any sort to be joined in front of the balcony and shouted till you do not want him to be out, that the land was ours, who were tyrants. When the man said he did not want to control, the excitement was greater. Especially the white jumped for joy and were spreading among those present. Only the Indians remained impassive at first. Gathered around the corner from the racks and opposite the university, allowed to see their feather ornaments multiencendidas by the sun and colors. appeared yellow ribbons, red, white and blue that many wore on their hats. Others as small loops placed on their costumes, while the women carried on their shoulders by way of small banners. Andrés Bello, Vicente Salias, Juan Landaeta and many other musicians and poets began to sing "Caraqueños, begins another era, the first Venezuelan patriotic song, which had tried days earlier, when they realized that the days of the English kingdom were to finish. A little later the tenor Vicente Salias stopped listening to "live the courageous people," while the infection appeared to be watered every corner of the square and beyond, where the sun was hiding. Balcony in continuing the process, signed Emparan, Basadre signed and down and fueled by liquor that flowed from hand to hand, people sang in chorus improvised "Anca Emparan and Basadre / have the oppressed people. / Vicente so close / suck, but the people barking. "The first one covers / or the other leads in the hip / but it relies on third / raising the bar. "Enough of humiliation / to the three output / nation must rise / And shake the yoke." After the laughter without realizing that the lamplighter had already begun the process of turning around the poles. Night came. Many homes are lit up more than usual. The windows all open, let see residents with brightly colored ribbons to greet with joy the passage of travelers who hawked slogans against the King and Spain. was all pleasure and joy, until, again, it was morning and time in which nothing was the same. Everything had changed from that Holy Thursday 19 April. Characters relevant the April 19, 1810 Simón Bolívar  April 19 noted the absence protagonist of Simon Bolivar, to the point that many of his biographers omit their actions at that time. There is evidence of the involvement of brothers Bolívar Palacios in the military conspiracy hatched by Fernando and Francisco Rodríguez del Toro and the assistance of these clandestine meetings held in the House of Mercy, where stands the Parque Carabobo and Bolivar on the Square, where today a museum. Simon took refuge on his estate at San Mateo, where he devoted himself to monitor their crops, so that was absent 19. Mary Sanoja of Salias  Within the group of women who supported the independence movement is the mother of the young man left. His house was one of the scenarios used for clandestine meetings and who relate their behavior, said to have been strong advocate for the conspiracies gestated in the country to institute self-government. María Margarita Sanoja was the mother of Vincent came out, the operator of the words of our National Anthem, of Francisco, who stopped the remembered Emparan April 19, of Pedro Salias, Military of the independence struggle, and John went, too patriot army officer. JJ Mujica The People  characters who roam the streets of towns and cities have no birth date, much less death date, names not known, but their nicknames and anecdotes. El Pueblo was a person who was born on April 19 at night. Before that date it was known as JJ Mujica, but that day at night, when the festival was glad the Plaza Mayor, JJ was presented to representatives of the new council and said come on behalf of the people. requested the floor and was granted by the leniency that enveloped the tribunes who formed this council. José Angel Alamo  The last meeting before the events of April 19 was held at the home of José Angel Alamo, which was located in a place now Portal is part of La Palma, in the Centro Simón Bolívar. This man had arrived in Caracas on a date, not specified by historians to study medicine at university, where he enrolled in 1796. Claim that was received by the Bolívar Palacios, those who stayed at home during his first days in the capital. Alamo doctor is participating in the campaign against malaria that struck the valleys of Aragua in 1804. Cortés de Madariaga  Born in Santiago, Chile, on July 8, 1766, but was considered Venezuelan until his last days. The first years of his life take place in his homeland, where he studied at the seminary to be ordained a priest in 1788. Continues at the University of San Felipe and obtained his doctorate in law. travels to Spain in search of a professorship at the university, which is denied and, in attempting to return to Chile, a storm takes him to the shores of La Guaira on April 12, 1802. Decides to stay at home and travels to Caracas where he was granted a sinecure in the cathedral on March 8, 1803. Juan Trimiño  There was a man born in the Canary Islands, who was noted for his passion for the libertarian cause. He was an inveterate talker, gambler, friend of parties and carousing that did not hesitate to stand against anyone to defend the homeland and to accuse the king and his minions to keep oppressed peoples of America. Juan Trimiño was in the Plaza Mayor that April 19, 1810. He was one of the most shouted to tell the captain-general Vicente Emparan not want him in this country and is off again to Spain. When they shouted, not imagined it would come back after the English and imprison him in La Guaira. Captain Luis de Ponte  Luis de Ponte was another heroes in this April 19, 1810. Being in front of the guard and had the courage to order his soldiers to stand firm at the time said that Francis went to the governor's arm in an attitude considered disrespectful to an officer of that nature. historiography has marginalized until now, so it is not known nor the date or place of birth. However, his example and temperance served to give value to young people at that time were trying to take over the future of their country, as an attitude of that nature was punished with the death penalty Family Ribas The  Ribas brothers and one of his nephews, were important figures in the events of April 19, 1810 and subsequent events. José Félix, Valentin, Francisco José , Juan Nepomuceno and Francisco, the son of Valentín participated since 1808 in all activities related to attempts to overthrow the English authorities and to achieve independence. José Félix joined the council held that day as a representative of the brown, while his brother Francis Joseph did in his capacity as priest, as representative of the church, together with José Cortés de Madariaga Francisco Salias  Francisco was born in Caracas in 1785, son of Francisco Antonio Salias Tordesillas and Mary Margaret Sanoja. He was one of the most important characters of the epic that was staged for the deposition of the English authorities in Venezuela. from a family of famous patriots, Francis enlisted in the movement that preceded the fall of Emparan, becoming an engine of this movement. Her figure, taking the arm to the governor and captain general, that Holy Thursday has become an icon of national independence struggle lies in sculptures and paintings buildings and museums Vicente Emparan  English born in Azpeitia, in 1747, became a sailor at an early age, reaching the rank of brigadier. was assigned to Puerto Cabello and then appointed governor of Cumana, from 1792 until 1804, where he confronted some problems with his superiors in Caracas. that year returned to Spain, settling there until 1808, when he was named captain general of Venezuela by the Napoleonic authorities, but then adheres to the ideas of the Supreme General Meeting, which it ratified in the office of captain general, in place of Juan de Casas, who was putting the post on an interim basis. The yellow house is a landmark owes its name to the characteristic color of the Liberal Party at the time of Guzman Blanco, because the architects who refurbished at that time decided to give a political touch to his work. was not the color nor was the size it has now, when Vicente Emparan Caracas asked the people if I wanted him to continue in command. Nor had the same structure, but remain important events that happened there. There are controversies about the origin of land ownership. Some researchers refer With the arrival of Diego de Lozada and the founding of the city in 1567, there was a division of land taken from indigenous among senior officers. Those who maintain this argument say that Lozada gave the property to Damián del Barrio, who did not use it to move back to Barquisimeto. Other historians say the first building at the place belonged to Governor Sancho de Alquiza, approximately 1610. This building remained until 1641, when an earthquake toppled, leaving rubble and wasteland for many years. The land was purchased by Antonio Tovar, whose heirs sold the governor Diego Jiménez de Enciso. He built the first public prison on the site, which remained there for many years. The building with the balcony where he Emparan was put into operation in around 1750, when it decided to build an annex of a canal to locate the town hall there, that worked in the governor's residence. TRANSFORMATIONS This yellow house we know today is the result of a process of centuries. It began as a wasteland when it was occupied by the English and fifty years after it becomes housing for the governor. There are no dimensions accurate in that first building, but is supposed to occupy the corner and halfway down the block, on the way to what is now known as the corner of Conde. After the earthquake of 1641 turned it into rubble and later became the Royal Prison. In the late eighteenth century still worked as a prison, according to the testimony of residents and historians, who claimed that from where he left José María Spain to be executed in 1799. The 1812 earthquake caused further havoc on the structure and it was not until 1830 when it ordered its restoration to function as the Provincial Government of Caracas. Carlos José Antonio Páez Soublette and use it as a police station and Government House. In 1870, after the April Revolution, to instruct the architect Juan Hurtado Manrique remodeling to be used as presidential residence. In 1874, culminating work, which contemplated the union of the grounds of the jail, police station, town hall and a house adjacent to the west, which was owned by White Palacios family, relatives of the Liberator. In the remodeling was painted yellow for the first time, representing the Liberal Party and from there the people gave the popular name that still stands. Francisco Linares Alcántara used it as a residence. Joaquín Crespo gave it to reside there, its highest ranking official and Cipriano Castro decided to move to Miraflores, introduced when the earthquake of 1900. From that year came to occupy ministerial functions until 1922. From there he moved definitively to host the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1930 he redecorated with murals of landscapes commissioned the painter Otto D'Guillonnet, which were capped in 1935 when Juan Vicente Gómez died. walls covered with white cloths remained until 1956. Under the government of General Marcos Perez Jimenez was asked to conduct an architect Gustavo Wallis of a new renovation that included construction of a library on international law, a English-style façade and the removal of the murals covered by white cloth, which went to the Museum of Fine Arts. CASA ANTONIO JOSE DE SUCRE The Yellow House was declared a National Historic Landmark on 16 August 1979, according to the Official Gazette 31678 and in 2007 it was christened with the name Casa Antonio José de Sucre, as a tribute to one of the first and greatest diplomats who were born in the soil. This distinction was intended to honor the document editor Regulatory and War armistice to sign Paul Simon Bolivar and Morillo in the city of Santa Ana de Trujillo, editor and signed the surrender of the English in Ayacucho and the many missions that helped put Venezuela in the concert of nations. Coordination: Reinaldo Gonzalez Texts: Igor García Illustrations: Omar Cruz Design and Layout: Harvey Herrera. April 19th is a special supplement CCS Town is an integral part of the newspaper and is distributed free
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