Everyone is different and we all need specific support, but demagoguery has to recognize that certain persons, due to physical, mental or sensory need differentiated support.
therefore emerges as a need to build hardware and software adjustments for, and development of specific teaching applications to be implemented in such cases.
In recent years, the evolution is being dizzy, to the end being modified "information society" (Vivancos, 1999), where users will no longer information, but that is information that goes to the user (Zapata 1997).
is believed that the use of new technologies in the school help:
-use training to facilitate teaching and learning.
-Instrument: can support certain mental processes.
Tool for counseling, diagnosis and rehabilitation of students with special needs or different.
fun for cognitive development.
The experiences presented at research have developed or are developing a number of adjustments to the needs of the subject. I list a few:
-Analysis and parameterization of the voice as an aid to speech therapy.
-vox-text conversion, as an aid to communication (such as Spain, is located on the street, dial-optimizing systems, etc.).
voice-recognition for people with serious mobility.
specifically for people with physical disabilities as a concept keyboard, mouse adapted, mouse emulator system propellants, etc.
-Peripherals and software adapted for the visually impaired or blind, which are instruments tiflotechnological.
Finally, we understand technical aids the instruments, devices or equipment that can perform various activities without such assistance would be out of the question. Ie, they are enablers that help a person who has temporary or permanent disabilities as close as possible to normal.
"... The disability is a normal person who needs the tools technological capabilities to be able to function normally
is comforting to know that there are companies who care about reducing the gap in technology for the disabled, so you can find on the market today: cell phones with voice dialing, incoming call recognition by sounds and lights, GPS, Braille keyboard, mouse for disabled people, TV with subtitles, etc.
Then I shall explain some of the technical aids or developments technology based on disability.
* Strategies for motor disabled :
means as students with motor disabilities who are limited in their movements in the upper limb amputees or can not use the usual set of data input to computer such as the mouse or keyboard. There are different solutions, both hardware and software based on disability. Ente they highlight:
- interface input vocal : IBM ViaVoice and Dragon NaturalSpeech Proffessional Professional.
- Virtual Keyboard: which are shown on a touch screen and with which the student can use a simple set of symbols to discern the common keys on the keyboard.
- head mice, are a kind of mouse you are located in the computer user's head, so no hands are needed for management. The head movements give the order of the pointer on the screen. Currently there are mice that detect movement of the eyes and face parts, to help those who can not move or neck muscles.
Finally, highlight the implants bionic are newer operating systems include some enhancements that enable certain functions without having to press several keys simultaneously or by special devices input in cases of extreme restraint. Equipment are treated very rare and should be tailored to each subject.
"Just as a number of associations and institutions with links to websites that help their development and use as
* Federation: http://www. aspace.org /
* Paralysis Brain http://acceso.psievo.uv.es/paginas/pci/
* CEAPAT: http://www.ceapat.org
E. College * Web Special " Good Shepherd Cieza, Murcia: http: http://www.cieza.net/educacion/bpastor/innovacion_educativa.htm
* CECAPROIN: http://www.cecaproin.com
International Communication
* Progress for the visually impaired :
When we say a person is visually impaired, we refer to a blind or vision disabilities. The first aid that are often magnifying glasses and manuals. And the technical staff with the Hoover and Braille.
Currently there are factors used to optimize screen lighting and enhance images (special magnifiers) to help those who, despite having low vision can distinguish the words. To be most effective it is recommended that the screens are always as large as possible, using IntelliMouse type mice able to expand the text area where the pointer.
The use of software to increase the image is always enable students with visual impairment may have a broader vision. Also the keyboard or tag items from the same computer, we will be helping the student with low vision to distinguish between the diversity of keys and their functions.
local interfaces input / output data are programs that become words or images on-screen commands. Can be described and read for the student to mentally visualize what's on screen or can receive oral information from the outside by means of a microphone. They are the most revolutionary tool for those with visual impairments or motor, be comfortable and accessible.
In conjunction with the interface input / output data, we find the scanner / OCR whose mission is to scan characters written on paper and then be transformed into sound or Braille, which is text written in relief for the blind can be read with the fingertips.
Finally, talk about voice synthesizers to "sing" texts displayed on the screen grid synthesizers for Braille books and electronic to reduce the size of the above.
* advances for the hearing impaired:
understand as hearing impaired those who have a sensory disorder characterized by loss of perception acoustic forms, ie hearing loss. Reserving the term "deaf" to the acute or severe deficits.
accused in cases of hearing loss is desirable to encourage the student to use headphones that do not disrupt the rhythm of the class.
For Windows there are some programs that create images linked to sound, so that students know that when the images displayed are replacing certain acoustic signals as SoundSentry and ShowSounds.
The introduction into the life of the late twentieth and early the twenty-first of acoustic signals by mobile a possible another form of communication through SMS or short messaging, 3G mobile usage, and modernization of new technologies such as simultaneous transcription, coupling expansion and the media from the sender; improvements they telephone, cochlear implants, amplification systems or audio warning and alarm systems, mechanisms vibro-tactile, etc.
In education, appropriate markings, visual devices (rotary pilots, emergency lights ..) will be needed to overcome the architectural barriers that are not seen, but can discriminate against people who are a minority.
enumerate the advances and assistive technologies are presented:
-Alarm with light and vibration.
-Phones for the Deaf with the Telephone Device for the Deaf (DTS).
-Videophone, telephone terminal with alphanumeric keypad and screen
-Downtown intermediation:
-Mobile generation, touch-screen or pointers.
-Fax, the most widely used by deaf people is the fax.
-Door Camera with beacons.
-Ring light, used to when they call home, also applies to other appliances such as microwaves, etc.
-luminescent panels, used not only in the school environment but also hospitals, etc.
baby's crying through beacons or vibration.
-Internet, with forums, chat, etc.., Has opened the world with hearing impairment multiple sources of visual communication.
Source: http://www.redsorda.com/ayudas_tecnicas.htm
But I would like to mention the researchers of the Department of Electronics Technology at the University Carlos
The prototype works through a computer with a wireless transmitter with a range of 50 meters
The unit runs on rechargeable batteries that last about three hours. Includes buttons for starting, stopping and restarting, and a device that indicates the system is operating.
Other technological advances for people with hearing impairment are: bracelets and rings for the deaf, designed to identify sounds of cars and other sounds which endanger the lives of the deaf.
sites:
http://www.sitiodesordos.com.ar/
http://www. tecnogizmo.com / bracelet-and-rings-for-deaf-a-smashing-advance-technological /
* Advances for People with multiple disabilities:
people who carry multiple disabilities are affected in two or more areas, characterizing an association between different disabilities, with rather broad possibilities of combinations. An example would be people who have mental and physical disabilities. Multiple disability is a serious situation and fortunately, their presence in the general population is less, in numerical terms.
The largest group are often the deafblind, for which we must apply the technologies related to the development of communication touch or vibration. Many of the means set out in the previous paragraphs, we can use with students. Links
sites:
http://www.tele-centros.org/telecentros/secao=202&idioma=es¶metro=11555.html
* advances for people with visual and hearing disabilities:
Students who have both deaf and blind also use a SETRO sense of touch: movement. The kinesthetic sense is associated with the position and movement. The kinesthetic sense is related to muscles and tendons. The so-called TeleTouch (teletacto) enables communication, remote feel pressure and movement of the hand of another person through the telecommunications network.
Communication is the vehicle of training, so it is essential to optimize results and be able to communicate effectively. Divide the forms of communication in signs:
Alpha (fingerspelling system) on the palm. Each letter has a shape that is made on the palm of the deafblind person's hand (if you have enough residual vision can also be done in air). For a long time communication system known as deafblind par excellence because it was used by Anne Sullivan to teach Helen Keller.
not alpha, may be the common body language or sign language, deaf-blind person just put their hands over the person who is issuing signs so that in this way can perceive the movement.
sites:
http://www.asocide.org/actualidad_sordoceguera/internacional.php
* Progress for the mentally disabled :
The definition adopted by AAMR (American Association of Mental Retardation - American Association of Mental Disability), mental disability is an "intellectual functioning significantly below average, which co-exists with limitations on two or more of the following adaptive skill areas: communication, self-care, social skills, family and community participation, autonomy, health and safety, functional academics, leisure and work. Is manifested before age eighteen. ".
Here I will mention the miniordenadorPicoKriket, is a tiny computer that can rotate objects, turn them on and playing music, being very useful for children with mental disabilities. This PicoKriket includes electronic sensors, various motors, sound boxes, connecting cables and a programmable pocket computer that runs on a rechargeable battery, and allows the child to experience and take control over the conduct of their own creations.
As well, remember many games that we are using the
sites:
http://www.tele-centros.org/telecentros/secao=202&idioma=es¶metro=11552.html
http://www.educared.net/Profesoresinnovadores/especiales/verEspecial.asp?id=32
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